# `glob` --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion

Kode sumber: Lib/glob.py

The `glob` module finds pathnames using pattern matching rules similar to the Unix shell. No tilde expansion is done, but `*`, `?`, and character ranges expressed with `[]` will be correctly matched. This is done by using the `os.scandir()` and `fnmatch.fnmatch()` functions in concert, and not by actually invoking a subshell.

Catatan

The pathnames are returned in no particular order. If you need a specific order, sort the results.

Files beginning with a dot (`.`) can only be matched by patterns that also start with a dot, unlike `fnmatch.fnmatch()` or `pathlib.Path.glob()`. For tilde and shell variable expansion, use `os.path.expanduser()` and `os.path.expandvars()`.

Untuk mencocokan literal, bungkus karakter meta dalam tanda kurung. Misalnya, `'[?]'` cocok dengan karakter `'?'`.

The `glob` module defines the following functions:

glob.glob(pathname, *, root_dir=None, dir_fd=None, recursive=False, include_hidden=False)

  Return a possibly empty list of path names that match pathname, which must be a string containing a path specification. pathname can be either absolute (like `/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile`) or relative (like `../../Tools/*/*.gif`), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell). Whether or not the results are sorted depends on the file system. If a file that satisfies conditions is removed or added during the call of this function, whether a path name for that file will be included is unspecified.

  If root_dir is not `None`, it should be a path-like object specifying the root directory for searching. It has the same effect on `glob()` as changing the current directory before calling it. If pathname is relative, the result will contain paths relative to root_dir.

  This function can support paths relative to directory descriptors with the dir_fd parameter.

  Jika rekursif benar, pola "`**`" akan cocok dengan semua file dan nol atau lebih direktori, subdirektori, dan tautan simbolis ke direktori. Jika pola diikuti oleh `os.sep` atau `os.altsep` maka file tidak akan cocok.

  If include_hidden is true, "`**`" pattern will match hidden directories.

  Memunculkan auditing event `glob.glob` dengan argument `pathname`, `recursive`.

  Raises an auditing event `glob.glob/2` with arguments `pathname`, `recursive`, `root_dir`, `dir_fd`.

  Catatan

  Menggunakan pola "`**`" di pohon direktori yang besar dapat menghabiskan banyak waktu.

  Catatan

  This function may return duplicate path names if pathname contains multiple "`**`" patterns and recursive is true.

  Catatan

  Any `OSError` exceptions raised from scanning the filesystem are suppressed. This includes `PermissionError` when accessing directories without read permission.

  Berubah pada versi 3.5: Dukungan untuk glob rekursif menggunakan "`**`".

  Berubah pada versi 3.10: Added the root_dir and dir_fd parameters.

  Berubah pada versi 3.11: Added the include_hidden parameter.

glob.iglob(pathname, *, root_dir=None, dir_fd=None, recursive=False, include_hidden=False)

  Mengembalikan sebuah iterator yang menghasilkan nilai yang sama dengan `glob()` tanpa benar-benar menyimpan semuanya secara bersamaan.

  Memunculkan auditing event `glob.glob` dengan argument `pathname`, `recursive`.

  Raises an auditing event `glob.glob/2` with arguments `pathname`, `recursive`, `root_dir`, `dir_fd`.

  Catatan

  This function may return duplicate path names if pathname contains multiple "`**`" patterns and recursive is true.

  Catatan

  Any `OSError` exceptions raised from scanning the filesystem are suppressed. This includes `PermissionError` when accessing directories without read permission.

  Berubah pada versi 3.5: Dukungan untuk glob rekursif menggunakan "`**`".

  Berubah pada versi 3.10: Added the root_dir and dir_fd parameters.

  Berubah pada versi 3.11: Added the include_hidden parameter.

glob.escape(pathname)

  Escape semua karakter khusus (`'?'`, `'*'` dan `'['`). Ini berguna jika Anda ingin mencocokkan string literal arbitrer yang mungkin memiliki karakter khusus di dalamnya. Karakter khusus dalam drive/titik berbagi UNC tidak di-escape, mis. pada Windows `escape('//?/c:/Quo vadis?.txt')` mengembalikan `'//?/c:/Quo vadis[?].txt'`.

  Added in version 3.4.

glob.translate(pathname, *, recursive=False, include_hidden=False, seps=None)

  Convert the given path specification to a regular expression for use with `re.match()`. The path specification can contain shell-style wildcards.

  Sebagai contoh:

      >>> import glob, re
      >>>
      >>> regex = glob.translate('**/*.txt', recursive=True, include_hidden=True)
      >>> regex
      '(?s:(?:.+/)?[^/]*\\.txt)\\Z'
      >>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
      >>> reobj.match('foo/bar/baz.txt')
      <re.Match object; span=(0, 15), match='foo/bar/baz.txt'>

  Path separators and segments are meaningful to this function, unlike `fnmatch.translate()`. By default wildcards do not match path separators, and `*` pattern segments match precisely one path segment.

  If recursive is true, the pattern segment "`**`" will match any number of path segments.

  If include_hidden is true, wildcards can match path segments that start with a dot (`.`).

  A sequence of path separators may be supplied to the seps argument. If not given, `os.sep` and `altsep` (if available) are used.

  Lihat juga

  `pathlib.PurePath.full_match()` and `pathlib.Path.glob()` methods, which call this function to implement pattern matching and globbing.

  Added in version 3.13.

## Contoh-contoh

Consider a directory containing the following files: `1.gif`, `2.txt`, `card.gif` and a subdirectory `sub` which contains only the file `3.txt`. `glob()` will produce the following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are preserved.

    >>> import glob
    >>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*')
    ['./1.gif', './2.txt']
    >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
    ['1.gif', 'card.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('?.gif')
    ['1.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('**/*.txt', recursive=True)
    ['2.txt', 'sub/3.txt']
    >>> glob.glob('./**/', recursive=True)
    ['./', './sub/']

Jika direktori berisi file yang dimulai dengan `.` mereka tidak akan dicocokkan secara default. Misalnya, pertimbangkan direktori yang berisi `card.gif` dan `.card.gif`

    >>> import glob
    >>> glob.glob('*.gif')
    ['card.gif']
    >>> glob.glob('.c*')
    ['.card.gif']

Lihat juga

The `fnmatch` module offers shell-style filename (not path) expansion.

Lihat juga

Modul `pathlib` menawarkan objek jalur tingkat tinggi.