Deprecations
************


Pending Removal in Python 3.14
==============================

* "argparse": The *type*, *choices*, and *metavar* parameters of
  "argparse.BooleanOptionalAction" are deprecated and will be removed
  in 3.14. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-92248.)

* "ast": The following features have been deprecated in documentation
  since Python 3.8, now cause a "DeprecationWarning" to be emitted at
  runtime when they are accessed or used, and will be removed in
  Python 3.14:

  * "ast.Num"

  * "ast.Str"

  * "ast.Bytes"

  * "ast.NameConstant"

  * "ast.Ellipsis"

  Use "ast.Constant" instead. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in
  gh-90953.)

* "asyncio":

  * The child watcher classes "MultiLoopChildWatcher",
    "FastChildWatcher", "AbstractChildWatcher" and "SafeChildWatcher"
    are deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by
    Kumar Aditya in gh-94597.)

  * "asyncio.set_child_watcher()", "asyncio.get_child_watcher()",
    "asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.set_child_watcher()" and
    "asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy.get_child_watcher()" are
    deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.14. (Contributed by
    Kumar Aditya in gh-94597.)

  * The "get_event_loop()" method of the default event loop policy now
    emits a "DeprecationWarning" if there is no current event loop set
    and it decides to create one. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and
    Guido van Rossum in gh-100160.)

* "collections.abc": Deprecated "ByteString". Prefer "Sequence" or
  "Buffer". For use in typing, prefer a union, like "bytes |
  bytearray", or "collections.abc.Buffer". (Contributed by Shantanu
  Jain in gh-91896.)

* "email": Deprecated the *isdst* parameter in
  "email.utils.localtime()". (Contributed by Alan Williams in
  gh-72346.)

* "importlib.abc" deprecated classes:

  * "importlib.abc.ResourceReader"

  * "importlib.abc.Traversable"

  * "importlib.abc.TraversableResources"

  Use "importlib.resources.abc" classes instead:

  * "importlib.resources.abc.Traversable"

  * "importlib.resources.abc.TraversableResources"

  (Contributed by Jason R. Coombs and Hugo van Kemenade in gh-93963.)

* "itertools" had undocumented, inefficient, historically buggy, and
  inconsistent support for copy, deepcopy, and pickle operations. This
  will be removed in 3.14 for a significant reduction in code volume
  and maintenance burden. (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in
  gh-101588.)

* "multiprocessing": The default start method will change to a safer
  one on Linux, BSDs, and other non-macOS POSIX platforms where
  "'fork'" is currently the default (gh-84559). Adding a runtime
  warning about this was deemed too disruptive as the majority of code
  is not expected to care. Use the "get_context()" or
  "set_start_method()" APIs to explicitly specify when your code
  *requires* "'fork'".  See Contexts and start methods.

* "pathlib": "is_relative_to()" and "relative_to()": passing
  additional arguments is deprecated.

* "pkgutil": "find_loader()" and "get_loader()" now raise
  "DeprecationWarning"; use "importlib.util.find_spec()" instead.
  (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-97850.)

* "pty":

  * "master_open()": use "pty.openpty()".

  * "slave_open()": use "pty.openpty()".

* "sqlite3":

  * "version" and "version_info".

  * "execute()" and "executemany()" if named placeholders are used and
    *parameters* is a sequence instead of a "dict".

* "typing": "ByteString", deprecated since Python 3.9, now causes a
  "DeprecationWarning" to be emitted when it is used.

* "urllib": "urllib.parse.Quoter" is deprecated: it was not intended
  to be a public API. (Contributed by Gregory P. Smith in gh-88168.)


Pending Removal in Python 3.15
==============================

* The import system:

  * Setting "__cached__" on a module while failing to set
    "__spec__.cached" is deprecated. In Python 3.15, "__cached__" will
    cease to be set or take into consideration by the import system or
    standard library. (gh-97879)

  * Setting "__package__" on a module while failing to set
    "__spec__.parent" is deprecated. In Python 3.15, "__package__"
    will cease to be set or take into consideration by the import
    system or standard library. (gh-97879)

* "ctypes":

  * The undocumented "ctypes.SetPointerType()" function has been
    deprecated since Python 3.13.

* "http.server":

  * The obsolete and rarely used "CGIHTTPRequestHandler" has been
    deprecated since Python 3.13. No direct replacement exists.
    *Anything* is better than CGI to interface a web server with a
    request handler.

  * The "--cgi" flag to the **python -m http.server** command-line
    interface has been deprecated since Python 3.13.

* "importlib":

  * "load_module()" method: use "exec_module()" instead.

* "locale":

  * The "getdefaultlocale()" function has been deprecated since Python
    3.11. Its removal was originally planned for Python 3.13
    (gh-90817), but has been postponed to Python 3.15. Use
    "getlocale()", "setlocale()", and "getencoding()" instead.
    (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in gh-111187.)

* "pathlib":

  * "PurePath.is_reserved()" has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
    Use "os.path.isreserved()" to detect reserved paths on Windows.

* "platform":

  * "java_ver()" has been deprecated since Python 3.13. This function
    is only useful for Jython support, has a confusing API, and is
    largely untested.

* "sysconfig":

  * The *check_home* argument of "sysconfig.is_python_build()" has
    been deprecated since Python 3.12.

* "threading":

  * "RLock()" will take no arguments in Python 3.15. Passing any
    arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14, as the  Python
    version does not permit any arguments, but the C version allows
    any number of positional or keyword arguments, ignoring every
    argument.

* "types":

  * "types.CodeType": Accessing "co_lnotab" was deprecated in **PEP
    626** since 3.10 and was planned to be removed in 3.12, but it
    only got a proper "DeprecationWarning" in 3.12. May be removed in
    3.15. (Contributed by Nikita Sobolev in gh-101866.)

* "typing":

  * The undocumented keyword argument syntax for creating "NamedTuple"
    classes (e.g. "Point = NamedTuple("Point", x=int, y=int)") has
    been deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the class-based syntax or
    the functional syntax instead.

  * When using the functional syntax of "TypedDict"s, failing to pass
    a value to the *fields* parameter ("TD = TypedDict("TD")") or
    passing "None" ("TD = TypedDict("TD", None)") has been deprecated
    since Python 3.13. Use "class TD(TypedDict): pass" or "TD =
    TypedDict("TD", {})" to create a TypedDict with zero field.

  * The "typing.no_type_check_decorator()" decorator function has been
    deprecated since Python 3.13. After eight years in the "typing"
    module, it has yet to be supported by any major type checker.

* "wave":

  * The "getmark()", "setmark()", and "getmarkers()" methods of the
    "Wave_read" and "Wave_write" classes have been deprecated since
    Python 3.13.


Pending removal in Python 3.16
==============================

* The import system:

  * Setting "__loader__" on a module while failing to set
    "__spec__.loader" is deprecated. In Python 3.16, "__loader__" will
    cease to be set or taken into consideration by the import system
    or the standard library.

* "array":

  * The "'u'" format code ("wchar_t") has been deprecated in
    documentation since Python 3.3 and at runtime since Python 3.13.
    Use the "'w'" format code ("Py_UCS4") for Unicode characters
    instead.

* "asyncio":

  * "asyncio.iscoroutinefunction()" is deprecated and will be removed
    in Python 3.16, use "inspect.iscoroutinefunction()" instead.
    (Contributed by Jiahao Li and Kumar Aditya in gh-122875.)

* "builtins":

  * Bitwise inversion on boolean types, "~True" or "~False" has been
    deprecated since Python 3.12, as it produces surprising and
    unintuitive results ("-2" and "-1"). Use "not x" instead for the
    logical negation of a Boolean. In the rare case that you need the
    bitwise inversion of the underlying integer, convert to "int"
    explicitly ("~int(x)").

* "shutil":

  * The "ExecError" exception has been deprecated since Python 3.14.
    It has not been used by any function in "shutil" since Python 3.4,
    and is now an alias of "RuntimeError".

* "symtable":

  * The "Class.get_methods" method has been deprecated since Python
    3.14.

* "sys":

  * The "_enablelegacywindowsfsencoding()" function has been
    deprecated since Python 3.13. Use the
    "PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING" environment variable instead.

* "tarfile":

  * The undocumented and unused "TarFile.tarfile" attribute has been
    deprecated since Python 3.13.


Pending Removal in Future Versions
==================================

The following APIs will be removed in the future, although there is
currently no date scheduled for their removal.

* "argparse": Nesting argument groups and nesting mutually exclusive
  groups are deprecated.

* "builtins":

  * "bool(NotImplemented)".

  * Generators: "throw(type, exc, tb)" and "athrow(type, exc, tb)"
    signature is deprecated: use "throw(exc)" and "athrow(exc)"
    instead, the single argument signature.

  * Currently Python accepts numeric literals immediately followed by
    keywords, for example "0in x", "1or x", "0if 1else 2".  It allows
    confusing and ambiguous expressions like "[0x1for x in y]" (which
    can be interpreted as "[0x1 for x in y]" or "[0x1f or x in y]").
    A syntax warning is raised if the numeric literal is immediately
    followed by one of keywords "and", "else", "for", "if", "in", "is"
    and "or".  In a future release it will be changed to a syntax
    error. (gh-87999)

  * Support for "__index__()" and "__int__()" method returning non-int
    type: these methods will be required to return an instance of a
    strict subclass of "int".

  * Support for "__float__()" method returning a strict subclass of
    "float": these methods will be required to return an instance of
    "float".

  * Support for "__complex__()" method returning a strict subclass of
    "complex": these methods will be required to return an instance of
    "complex".

  * Delegation of "int()" to "__trunc__()" method.

  * Passing a complex number as the *real* or *imag* argument in the
    "complex()" constructor is now deprecated; it should only be
    passed as a single positional argument. (Contributed by Serhiy
    Storchaka in gh-109218.)

* "calendar": "calendar.January" and "calendar.February" constants are
  deprecated and replaced by "calendar.JANUARY" and
  "calendar.FEBRUARY". (Contributed by Prince Roshan in gh-103636.)

* "codeobject.co_lnotab": use the "codeobject.co_lines()" method
  instead.

* "datetime":

  * "utcnow()": use "datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.UTC)".

  * "utcfromtimestamp()": use
    "datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.UTC)".

* "gettext": Plural value must be an integer.

* "importlib":

  * "cache_from_source()" *debug_override* parameter is deprecated:
    use the *optimization* parameter instead.

* "importlib.metadata":

  * "EntryPoints" tuple interface.

  * Implicit "None" on return values.

* "logging": the "warn()" method has been deprecated since Python 3.3,
  use "warning()" instead.

* "mailbox": Use of StringIO input and text mode is deprecated, use
  BytesIO and binary mode instead.

* "os": Calling "os.register_at_fork()" in multi-threaded process.

* "pydoc.ErrorDuringImport": A tuple value for *exc_info* parameter is
  deprecated, use an exception instance.

* "re": More strict rules are now applied for numerical group
  references and group names in regular expressions.  Only sequence of
  ASCII digits is now accepted as a numerical reference.  The group
  name in bytes patterns and replacement strings can now only contain
  ASCII letters and digits and underscore. (Contributed by Serhiy
  Storchaka in gh-91760.)

* "sre_compile", "sre_constants" and "sre_parse" modules.

* "shutil": "rmtree()"'s *onerror* parameter is deprecated in Python
  3.12; use the *onexc* parameter instead.

* "ssl" options and protocols:

  * "ssl.SSLContext" without protocol argument is deprecated.

  * "ssl.SSLContext": "set_npn_protocols()" and
    "selected_npn_protocol()" are deprecated: use ALPN instead.

  * "ssl.OP_NO_SSL*" options

  * "ssl.OP_NO_TLS*" options

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3"

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS"

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1"

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"

  * "ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"

  * "ssl.TLSVersion.SSLv3"

  * "ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1"

  * "ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1"

* "threading" methods:

  * "threading.Condition.notifyAll()": use "notify_all()".

  * "threading.Event.isSet()": use "is_set()".

  * "threading.Thread.isDaemon()", "threading.Thread.setDaemon()": use
    "threading.Thread.daemon" attribute.

  * "threading.Thread.getName()", "threading.Thread.setName()": use
    "threading.Thread.name" attribute.

  * "threading.currentThread()": use "threading.current_thread()".

  * "threading.activeCount()": use "threading.active_count()".

* "typing.Text" (gh-92332).

* "unittest.IsolatedAsyncioTestCase": it is deprecated to return a
  value that is not "None" from a test case.

* "urllib.parse" deprecated functions: "urlparse()" instead

  * "splitattr()"

  * "splithost()"

  * "splitnport()"

  * "splitpasswd()"

  * "splitport()"

  * "splitquery()"

  * "splittag()"

  * "splittype()"

  * "splituser()"

  * "splitvalue()"

  * "to_bytes()"

* "urllib.request": "URLopener" and "FancyURLopener" style of invoking
  requests is deprecated. Use newer "urlopen()" functions and methods.

* "wsgiref": "SimpleHandler.stdout.write()" should not do partial
  writes.

* "xml.etree.ElementTree": Testing the truth value of an "Element" is
  deprecated. In a future release it will always return "True". Prefer
  explicit "len(elem)" or "elem is not None" tests instead.

* "zipimport.zipimporter.load_module()" is deprecated: use
  "exec_module()" instead.


C API Deprecations
==================


Pending Removal in Python 3.14
------------------------------

* The "ma_version_tag" field in "PyDictObject" for extension modules
  (**PEP 699**; gh-101193).

* Creating "immutable types" with mutable bases (gh-95388).

* Functions to configure Python's initialization, deprecated in Python
  3.11:

  * "PySys_SetArgvEx()": Set "PyConfig.argv" instead.

  * "PySys_SetArgv()": Set "PyConfig.argv" instead.

  * "Py_SetProgramName()": Set "PyConfig.program_name" instead.

  * "Py_SetPythonHome()": Set "PyConfig.home" instead.

  The "Py_InitializeFromConfig()" API should be used with "PyConfig"
  instead.

* Global configuration variables:

  * "Py_DebugFlag": Use "PyConfig.parser_debug" instead.

  * "Py_VerboseFlag": Use "PyConfig.verbose" instead.

  * "Py_QuietFlag": Use "PyConfig.quiet" instead.

  * "Py_InteractiveFlag": Use "PyConfig.interactive" instead.

  * "Py_InspectFlag": Use "PyConfig.inspect" instead.

  * "Py_OptimizeFlag": Use "PyConfig.optimization_level" instead.

  * "Py_NoSiteFlag": Use "PyConfig.site_import" instead.

  * "Py_BytesWarningFlag": Use "PyConfig.bytes_warning" instead.

  * "Py_FrozenFlag": Use "PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings" instead.

  * "Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag": Use "PyConfig.use_environment"
    instead.

  * "Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag": Use "PyConfig.write_bytecode" instead.

  * "Py_NoUserSiteDirectory": Use "PyConfig.user_site_directory"
    instead.

  * "Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag": Use "PyConfig.buffered_stdio" instead.

  * "Py_HashRandomizationFlag": Use "PyConfig.use_hash_seed" and
    "PyConfig.hash_seed" instead.

  * "Py_IsolatedFlag": Use "PyConfig.isolated" instead.

  * "Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag": Use
    "PyPreConfig.legacy_windows_fs_encoding" instead.

  * "Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag": Use "PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio"
    instead.

  * "Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding": Use "PyConfig.filesystem_encoding"
    instead.

  * "Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding": Use
    "PyConfig.filesystem_encoding" instead.

  * "Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors": Use
    "PyConfig.filesystem_errors" instead.

  * "Py_UTF8Mode": Use "PyPreConfig.utf8_mode" instead. (see
    "Py_PreInitialize()")

  The "Py_InitializeFromConfig()" API should be used with "PyConfig"
  instead.


Pending Removal in Python 3.15
------------------------------

* The "PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock()": Use "PyImport_ImportModule()"
  instead.

* "PyWeakref_GetObject()" and "PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT()": Use
  "PyWeakref_GetRef()" instead.

* "Py_UNICODE" type and the "Py_UNICODE_WIDE" macro: Use "wchar_t"
  instead.

* Python initialization functions:

  * "PySys_ResetWarnOptions()": Clear "sys.warnoptions" and
    "warnings.filters" instead.

  * "Py_GetExecPrefix()": Get "sys.base_exec_prefix" and
    "sys.exec_prefix" instead.

  * "Py_GetPath()": Get "sys.path" instead.

  * "Py_GetPrefix()": Get "sys.base_prefix" and "sys.prefix" instead.

  * "Py_GetProgramFullPath()": Get "sys.executable" instead.

  * "Py_GetProgramName()": Get "sys.executable" instead.

  * "Py_GetPythonHome()": Get "PyConfig.home" or the "PYTHONHOME"
    environment variable instead.


Pending Removal in Future Versions
----------------------------------

The following APIs are deprecated and will be removed, although there
is currently no date scheduled for their removal.

* "Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE": Unneeded since Python 3.8.

* "PyErr_Fetch()": Use "PyErr_GetRaisedException()" instead.

* "PyErr_NormalizeException()": Use "PyErr_GetRaisedException()"
  instead.

* "PyErr_Restore()": Use "PyErr_SetRaisedException()" instead.

* "PyModule_GetFilename()": Use "PyModule_GetFilenameObject()"
  instead.

* "PyOS_AfterFork()": Use "PyOS_AfterFork_Child()" instead.

* "PySlice_GetIndicesEx()": Use "PySlice_Unpack()" and
  "PySlice_AdjustIndices()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject()": Use "PyCodec_Decode()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode()": Use "PyCodec_Decode()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject()": Use "PyCodec_Encode()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode()": Use "PyCodec_Encode()" instead.

* "PyUnicode_READY()": Unneeded since Python 3.12

* "PyErr_Display()": Use "PyErr_DisplayException()" instead.

* "_PyErr_ChainExceptions()": Use "_PyErr_ChainExceptions1()" instead.

* "PyBytesObject.ob_shash" member: call "PyObject_Hash()" instead.

* "PyDictObject.ma_version_tag" member.

* Thread Local Storage (TLS) API:

  * "PyThread_create_key()": Use "PyThread_tss_alloc()" instead.

  * "PyThread_delete_key()": Use "PyThread_tss_free()" instead.

  * "PyThread_set_key_value()": Use "PyThread_tss_set()" instead.

  * "PyThread_get_key_value()": Use "PyThread_tss_get()" instead.

  * "PyThread_delete_key_value()": Use "PyThread_tss_delete()"
    instead.

  * "PyThread_ReInitTLS()": Unneeded since Python 3.7.
