# 파이썬 초기화 구성

버전 3.8에 추가.

Python can be initialized with `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` and the `PyConfig` structure. It can be preinitialized with `Py_PreInitialize()` and the `PyPreConfig` structure.

There are two kinds of configuration:

- The Python Configuration can be used to build a customized Python which behaves as the regular Python. For example, environment variables and command line arguments are used to configure Python.

- The Isolated Configuration can be used to embed Python into an application. It isolates Python from the system. For example, environment variables are ignored, the LC_CTYPE locale is left unchanged and no signal handler is registered.

The `Py_RunMain()` function can be used to write a customized Python program.

초기화, 파이널리제이션 및 스레드도 참조하십시오.

더 보기

PEP 587 “파이썬 초기화 구성”.

## Example

항상 격리 모드에서 실행되는 사용자 정의 파이썬의 예:

    int main(int argc, char **argv)
    {
        PyStatus status;

        PyConfig config;
        PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
        config.isolated = 1;

        /* Decode command line arguments.
           Implicitly preinitialize Python (in isolated mode). */
        status = PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(&config, argc, argv);
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto exception;
        }

        status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto exception;
        }
        PyConfig_Clear(&config);

        return Py_RunMain();

    exception:
        PyConfig_Clear(&config);
        if (PyStatus_IsExit(status)) {
            return status.exitcode;
        }
        /* Display the error message and exit the process with
           non-zero exit code */
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }

## PyWideStringList

type PyWideStringList

  `wchar_t*` 문자열의 리스트.

  length가 0이 아니면, items는 `NULL`이 아니어야 하고 모든 문자열은 `NULL`이 아니어야 합니다.

  메서드:

  PyStatus PyWideStringList_Append(PyWideStringList *list, const wchar_t *item)

    item을 list에 추가합니다.

    이 함수를 호출하려면 파이썬을 사전 초기화해야 합니다.

  PyStatus PyWideStringList_Insert(PyWideStringList *list, Py_ssize_t index, const wchar_t *item)

    item을 list의 index에 삽입합니다.

    index가 list 길이보다 크거나 같으면, item을 list에 추가(append)합니다.

    index must be greater than or equal to `0`.

    이 함수를 호출하려면 파이썬을 사전 초기화해야 합니다.

  구조체 필드:

  Py_ssize_t length

    리스트 길이.

  wchar_t **items

    리스트 항목들.

## PyStatus

type PyStatus

  초기화 함수 상태를 저장하는 구조체: 성공, 에러 또는 종료.

  에러의 경우, 에러를 만든 C 함수 이름을 저장할 수 있습니다.

  구조체 필드:

  int exitcode

    종료 코드. `exit()`에 전달된 인자.

  const char *err_msg

    에러 메시지.

  const char *func

    에러를 만든 함수의 이름, `NULL`일 수 있습니다.

  상태를 만드는 함수:

  PyStatus PyStatus_Ok(void)

    성공.

  PyStatus PyStatus_Error(const char *err_msg)

    메시지가 포함된 초기화 에러.

    err_msg must not be `NULL`.

  PyStatus PyStatus_NoMemory(void)

    메모리 할당 실패 (메모리 부족).

  PyStatus PyStatus_Exit(int exitcode)

    지정된 종료 코드로 파이썬을 종료합니다.

  상태를 처리하는 함수:

  int PyStatus_Exception(PyStatus status)

    상태가 에러입니까? 아니면 종료입니까? 참이면, 예외를 처리해야 합니다; 예를 들어 `Py_ExitStatusException()` 을 호출하여.

  int PyStatus_IsError(PyStatus status)

    결과가 에러입니까?

  int PyStatus_IsExit(PyStatus status)

    결과가 종료입니까?

  void Py_ExitStatusException(PyStatus status)

    status가 종료이면 `exit(exitcode)`를 호출합니다. status가 에러이면 에러 메시지를 인쇄하고 0이 아닌 종료 코드로 종료합니다. `PyStatus_Exception(status)`가 0이 아닐 때만 호출해야 합니다.

참고

내부적으로, 파이썬은 `PyStatus.func`를 설정하는 데는 매크로를 사용하는 반면, `func`가 `NULL`로 설정된 상태를 만드는 데는 함수를 사용합니다.

예:

    PyStatus alloc(void **ptr, size_t size)
    {
        *ptr = PyMem_RawMalloc(size);
        if (*ptr == NULL) {
            return PyStatus_NoMemory();
        }
        return PyStatus_Ok();
    }

    int main(int argc, char **argv)
    {
        void *ptr;
        PyStatus status = alloc(&ptr, 16);
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            Py_ExitStatusException(status);
        }
        PyMem_Free(ptr);
        return 0;
    }

## PyPreConfig

type PyPreConfig

  Structure used to preinitialize Python.

  사전 구성을 초기화하는 함수:

  void PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig(PyPreConfig *preconfig)

    파이썬 구성으로 사전 구성을 초기화합니다.

  void PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(PyPreConfig *preconfig)

    격리된 구성으로 사전 구성을 초기화합니다.

  구조체 필드:

  int allocator

    Name of the Python memory allocators:

    - `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET` (`0`): don’t change memory allocators (use defaults).

    - `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEFAULT` (`1`): default memory allocators.

    - `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_DEBUG` (`2`): default memory allocators with debug hooks.

    - `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MALLOC` (`3`): use `malloc()` of the C library.

    - `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_MALLOC_DEBUG` (`4`): force usage of `malloc()` with debug hooks.

    - `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC` (`5`): Python pymalloc memory allocator.

    - `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUG` (`6`): Python pymalloc memory allocator with debug hooks.

    `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC` and `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_PYMALLOC_DEBUG` are not supported if Python is `configured using --without-pymalloc`.

    메모리 관리를 참조하십시오.

    Default: `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET`.

  int configure_locale

    Set the LC_CTYPE locale to the user preferred locale.

    If equals to `0`, set `coerce_c_locale` and `coerce_c_locale_warn` members to `0`.

    See the locale encoding.

    Default: `1` in Python config, `0` in isolated config.

  int coerce_c_locale

    If equals to `2`, coerce the C locale.

    If equals to `1`, read the LC_CTYPE locale to decide if it should be coerced.

    See the locale encoding.

    Default: `-1` in Python config, `0` in isolated config.

  int coerce_c_locale_warn

    0이 아니면, C 로케일이 강제될 때 경고가 발생합니다.

    Default: `-1` in Python config, `0` in isolated config.

  int dev_mode

    Python Development Mode: see `PyConfig.dev_mode`.

    Default: `-1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

  int isolated

    Isolated mode: see `PyConfig.isolated`.

    Default: `0` in Python mode, `1` in isolated mode.

  int legacy_windows_fs_encoding

    If non-zero:

    - Set `PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` to `0`,

    - Set `PyConfig.filesystem_encoding` to `"mbcs"`,

    - Set `PyConfig.filesystem_errors` to `"replace"`.

    Initialized the from `PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING` environment variable value.

    윈도우에서만 사용 가능합니다. `#ifdef MS_WINDOWS` 매크로는 윈도우 특정 코드에 사용할 수 있습니다.

    Default: `0`.

  int parse_argv

    0이 아니면, `Py_PreInitializeFromArgs()`와 `Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs()`는 일반 파이썬이 명령 줄 인자를 구문 분석하는 것과 같은 방식으로 `argv` 인자를 구문 분석합니다. 명령 줄 인자를 참조하십시오.

    Default: `1` in Python config, `0` in isolated config.

  int use_environment

    Use environment variables? See `PyConfig.use_environment`.

    Default: `1` in Python config and `0` in isolated config.

  int utf8_mode

    If non-zero, enable the Python UTF-8 Mode.

    Set to `0` or `1` by the `-X utf8` command line option and the `PYTHONUTF8` environment variable.

    Also set to `1` if the `LC_CTYPE` locale is `C` or `POSIX`.

    Default: `-1` in Python config and `0` in isolated config.

## Preinitialize Python with PyPreConfig

The preinitialization of Python:

- Set the Python memory allocators (`PyPreConfig.allocator`)

- Configure the LC_CTYPE locale (locale encoding)

- Set the Python UTF-8 Mode (`PyPreConfig.utf8_mode`)

The current preconfiguration (`PyPreConfig` type) is stored in `_PyRuntime.preconfig`.

파이썬을 사전 초기화하는 함수:

PyStatus Py_PreInitialize(const PyPreConfig *preconfig)

  preconfig 사전 구성에서 파이썬을 사전 초기화합니다.

  preconfig must not be `NULL`.

PyStatus Py_PreInitializeFromBytesArgs(const PyPreConfig *preconfig, int argc, char *const *argv)

  preconfig 사전 구성에서 파이썬을 사전 초기화합니다.

  Parse argv command line arguments (bytes strings) if `parse_argv` of preconfig is non-zero.

  preconfig must not be `NULL`.

PyStatus Py_PreInitializeFromArgs(const PyPreConfig *preconfig, int argc, wchar_t *const *argv)

  preconfig 사전 구성에서 파이썬을 사전 초기화합니다.

  Parse argv command line arguments (wide strings) if `parse_argv` of preconfig is non-zero.

  preconfig must not be `NULL`.

호출자는 `PyStatus_Exception()`과 `Py_ExitStatusException()` 을 사용하여 예외(에러나 종료)를 처리해야 합니다.

For Python Configuration (`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig()`), if Python is initialized with command line arguments, the command line arguments must also be passed to preinitialize Python, since they have an effect on the pre-configuration like encodings. For example, the `-X utf8` command line option enables the Python UTF-8 Mode.

`PyMem_SetAllocator()`는 `Py_PreInitialize()` 이후에 `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` 이전에 호출하여 사용자 정의 메모리 할당자를 설치할 수 있습니다. `PyPreConfig.allocator`가 `PYMEM_ALLOCATOR_NOT_SET`으로 설정되면 `Py_PreInitialize()` 전에 호출할 수 있습니다.

Python memory allocation functions like `PyMem_RawMalloc()` must not be used before the Python preinitialization, whereas calling directly `malloc()` and `free()` is always safe. `Py_DecodeLocale()` must not be called before the Python preinitialization.

Example using the preinitialization to enable the Python UTF-8 Mode:

    PyStatus status;
    PyPreConfig preconfig;
    PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig(&preconfig);

    preconfig.utf8_mode = 1;

    status = Py_PreInitialize(&preconfig);
    if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }

    /* at this point, Python speaks UTF-8 */

    Py_Initialize();
    /* ... use Python API here ... */
    Py_Finalize();

## PyConfig

type PyConfig

  파이썬을 구성하기 위한 대부분의 파라미터를 포함하는 구조체.

  When done, the `PyConfig_Clear()` function must be used to release the configuration memory.

  구조체 메서드:

  void PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(PyConfig *config)

    Initialize configuration with the Python Configuration.

  void PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig(PyConfig *config)

    Initialize configuration with the Isolated Configuration.

  PyStatus PyConfig_SetString(PyConfig *config, wchar_t *const *config_str, const wchar_t *str)

    와이드 문자열 str을 `*config_str`로 복사합니다.

    Preinitialize Python if needed.

  PyStatus PyConfig_SetBytesString(PyConfig *config, wchar_t *const *config_str, const char *str)

    Decode str using `Py_DecodeLocale()` and set the result into `*config_str`.

    Preinitialize Python if needed.

  PyStatus PyConfig_SetArgv(PyConfig *config, int argc, wchar_t *const *argv)

    Set command line arguments (`argv` member of config) from the argv list of wide character strings.

    Preinitialize Python if needed.

  PyStatus PyConfig_SetBytesArgv(PyConfig *config, int argc, char *const *argv)

    Set command line arguments (`argv` member of config) from the argv list of bytes strings. Decode bytes using `Py_DecodeLocale()`.

    Preinitialize Python if needed.

  PyStatus PyConfig_SetWideStringList(PyConfig *config, PyWideStringList *list, Py_ssize_t length, wchar_t **items)

    와이드 문자열 리스트 list를 length와 items로 설정합니다.

    Preinitialize Python if needed.

  PyStatus PyConfig_Read(PyConfig *config)

    모든 파이썬 구성을 읽습니다.

    이미 초기화된 필드는 변경되지 않습니다.

    Fields for path configuration are no longer calculated or modified when calling this function, as of Python 3.11.

    The `PyConfig_Read()` function only parses `PyConfig.argv` arguments once: `PyConfig.parse_argv` is set to `2` after arguments are parsed. Since Python arguments are strippped from `PyConfig.argv`, parsing arguments twice would parse the application options as Python options.

    Preinitialize Python if needed.

    버전 3.10에서 변경: The `PyConfig.argv` arguments are now only parsed once, `PyConfig.parse_argv` is set to `2` after arguments are parsed, and arguments are only parsed if `PyConfig.parse_argv` equals `1`.

    버전 3.11에서 변경: `PyConfig_Read()` no longer calculates all paths, and so fields listed under Python Path Configuration may no longer be updated until `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` is called.

  void PyConfig_Clear(PyConfig *config)

    구성 메모리를 해제합니다.

  Most `PyConfig` methods preinitialize Python if needed. In that case, the Python preinitialization configuration (`PyPreConfig`) in based on the `PyConfig`. If configuration fields which are in common with `PyPreConfig` are tuned, they must be set before calling a `PyConfig` method:

  - `PyConfig.dev_mode`

  - `PyConfig.isolated`

  - `PyConfig.parse_argv`

  - `PyConfig.use_environment`

  Moreover, if `PyConfig_SetArgv()` or `PyConfig_SetBytesArgv()` is used, this method must be called before other methods, since the preinitialization configuration depends on command line arguments (if `parse_argv` is non-zero).

  이 메서드의 호출자는 `PyStatus_Exception()`과 `Py_ExitStatusException()` 을 사용하여 예외(에러나 종료)를 처리해야 합니다.

  구조체 필드:

  PyWideStringList argv

    Command line arguments: `sys.argv`.

    Set `parse_argv` to `1` to parse `argv` the same way the regular Python parses Python command line arguments and then to strip Python arguments from `argv`.

    If `argv` is empty, an empty string is added to ensure that `sys.argv` always exists and is never empty.

    Default: `NULL`.

    See also the `orig_argv` member.

  int safe_path

    If equals to zero, `Py_RunMain()` prepends a potentially unsafe path to `sys.path` at startup:

    - If `argv[0]` is equal to `L"-m"` (`python -m module`), prepend the current working directory.

    - If running a script (`python script.py`), prepend the script’s directory. If it’s a symbolic link, resolve symbolic links.

    - Otherwise (`python -c code` and `python`), prepend an empty string, which means the current working directory.

    Set to `1` by the `-P` command line option and the `PYTHONSAFEPATH` environment variable.

    Default: `0` in Python config, `1` in isolated config.

    버전 3.11에 추가.

  wchar_t *base_exec_prefix

    `sys.base_exec_prefix`.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

  wchar_t *base_executable

    Python base executable: `sys._base_executable`.

    Set by the `__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` environment variable.

    Set from `PyConfig.executable` if `NULL`.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

  wchar_t *base_prefix

    `sys.base_prefix`.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

  int buffered_stdio

    If equals to `0` and `configure_c_stdio` is non-zero, disable buffering on the C streams stdout and stderr.

    Set to `0` by the `-u` command line option and the `PYTHONUNBUFFERED` environment variable.

    stdin은 항상 버퍼링 모드로 열립니다.

    Default: `1`.

  int bytes_warning

    If equals to `1`, issue a warning when comparing `bytes` or `bytearray` with `str`, or comparing `bytes` with `int`.

    If equal or greater to `2`, raise a `BytesWarning` exception in these cases.

    Incremented by the `-b` command line option.

    Default: `0`.

  int warn_default_encoding

    If non-zero, emit a `EncodingWarning` warning when `io.TextIOWrapper` uses its default encoding. See Opt-in EncodingWarning for details.

    Default: `0`.

    버전 3.10에 추가.

  int code_debug_ranges

    If equals to `0`, disables the inclusion of the end line and column mappings in code objects. Also disables traceback printing carets to specific error locations.

    Set to `0` by the `PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES` environment variable and by the `-X no_debug_ranges` command line option.

    Default: `1`.

    버전 3.11에 추가.

  wchar_t *check_hash_pycs_mode

    Control the validation behavior of hash-based `.pyc` files: value of the `--check-hash-based-pycs` command line option.

    Valid values:

    - `L"always"`: Hash the source file for invalidation regardless of value of the ‘check_source’ flag.

    - `L"never"`: Assume that hash-based pycs always are valid.

    - `L"default"`: The ‘check_source’ flag in hash-based pycs determines invalidation.

    Default: `L"default"`.

    See also PEP 552 “Deterministic pycs”.

  int configure_c_stdio

    If non-zero, configure C standard streams:

    - On Windows, set the binary mode (`O_BINARY`) on stdin, stdout and stderr.

    - If `buffered_stdio` equals zero, disable buffering of stdin, stdout and stderr streams.

    - If `interactive` is non-zero, enable stream buffering on stdin and stdout (only stdout on Windows).

    Default: `1` in Python config, `0` in isolated config.

  int dev_mode

    0이 아니면, 파이썬 개발 모드를 활성화합니다.

    Set to `1` by the `-X dev` option and the `PYTHONDEVMODE` environment variable.

    Default: `-1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

  int dump_refs

    Dump Python references?

    0이 아니면, 종료 시 여전히 활성 상태인 모든 객체를 덤프합니다.

    Set to `1` by the `PYTHONDUMPREFS` environment variable.

    Need a special build of Python with the `Py_TRACE_REFS` macro defined: see the `configure --with-trace-refs option`.

    Default: `0`.

  wchar_t *exec_prefix

    The site-specific directory prefix where the platform-dependent Python files are installed: `sys.exec_prefix`.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

  wchar_t *executable

    The absolute path of the executable binary for the Python interpreter: `sys.executable`.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

  int faulthandler

    Enable faulthandler?

    0이 아니면, 시작 시 `faulthandler.enable()`을 호출합니다.

    Set to `1` by `-X faulthandler` and the `PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` environment variable.

    Default: `-1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

  wchar_t *filesystem_encoding

    Filesystem encoding: `sys.getfilesystemencoding()`.

    On macOS, Android and VxWorks: use `"utf-8"` by default.

    On Windows: use `"utf-8"` by default, or `"mbcs"` if `legacy_windows_fs_encoding` of `PyPreConfig` is non-zero.

    Default encoding on other platforms:

    - `"utf-8"` if `PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` is non-zero.

    - `"ascii"` if Python detects that `nl_langinfo(CODESET)` announces the ASCII encoding, whereas the `mbstowcs()` function decodes from a different encoding (usually Latin1).

    - `"utf-8"` if `nl_langinfo(CODESET)` returns an empty string.

    - Otherwise, use the locale encoding: `nl_langinfo(CODESET)` result.

    At Python startup, the encoding name is normalized to the Python codec name. For example, `"ANSI_X3.4-1968"` is replaced with `"ascii"`.

    See also the `filesystem_errors` member.

  wchar_t *filesystem_errors

    Filesystem error handler: `sys.getfilesystemencodeerrors()`.

    On Windows: use `"surrogatepass"` by default, or `"replace"` if `legacy_windows_fs_encoding` of `PyPreConfig` is non-zero.

    On other platforms: use `"surrogateescape"` by default.

    Supported error handlers:

    - `"strict"`

    - `"surrogateescape"`

    - `"surrogatepass"` (only supported with the UTF-8 encoding)

    See also the `filesystem_encoding` member.

  unsigned long hash_seed
  int use_hash_seed

    무작위 해시 함수 시드.

    If `use_hash_seed` is zero, a seed is chosen randomly at Python startup, and `hash_seed` is ignored.

    Set by the `PYTHONHASHSEED` environment variable.

    Default use_hash_seed value: `-1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

  wchar_t *home

    Python home directory.

    If `Py_SetPythonHome()` has been called, use its argument if it is not `NULL`.

    Set by the `PYTHONHOME` environment variable.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

  int import_time

    0이 아니면, 임포트 시간을 프로파일 합니다.

    Set the `1` by the `-X importtime` option and the `PYTHONPROFILEIMPORTTIME` environment variable.

    Default: `0`.

  int inspect

    스크립트나 명령을 실행한 후 대화식 모드로 들어갑니다.

    If greater than `0`, enable inspect: when a script is passed as first argument or the -c option is used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the command, even when `sys.stdin` does not appear to be a terminal.

    Incremented by the `-i` command line option. Set to `1` if the `PYTHONINSPECT` environment variable is non-empty.

    Default: `0`.

  int install_signal_handlers

    Install Python signal handlers?

    Default: `1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

  int interactive

    If greater than `0`, enable the interactive mode (REPL).

    Incremented by the `-i` command line option.

    Default: `0`.

  int isolated

    If greater than `0`, enable isolated mode:

    - Set `safe_path` to `1`: don’t prepend a potentially unsafe path to `sys.path` at Python startup.

    - Set `use_environment` to `0`.

    - Set `user_site_directory` to `0`: don’t add the user site directory to `sys.path`.

    - 파이썬 REPL은 대화식 프롬프트에서 `readline`을 임포트 하지도 기본 readline 구성을 활성화하지도 않습니다.

    Set to `1` by the `-I` command line option.

    Default: `0` in Python mode, `1` in isolated mode.

    See also `PyPreConfig.isolated`.

  int legacy_windows_stdio

    If non-zero, use `io.FileIO` instead of `io._WindowsConsoleIO` for `sys.stdin`, `sys.stdout` and `sys.stderr`.

    Set to `1` if the `PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO` environment variable is set to a non-empty string.

    윈도우에서만 사용 가능합니다. `#ifdef MS_WINDOWS` 매크로는 윈도우 특정 코드에 사용할 수 있습니다.

    Default: `0`.

    See also the PEP 528 (Change Windows console encoding to UTF-8).

  int malloc_stats

    0이 아니면, 종료 시 파이썬 pymalloc 메모리 할당자에 대한 통계를 덤프합니다.

    Set to `1` by the `PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` environment variable.

    The option is ignored if Python is `configured using the --without-pymalloc option`.

    Default: `0`.

  wchar_t *platlibdir

    Platform library directory name: `sys.platlibdir`.

    Set by the `PYTHONPLATLIBDIR` environment variable.

    Default: value of the `PLATLIBDIR` macro which is set by the `configure --with-platlibdir option` (default: `"lib"`, or `"DLLs"` on Windows).

    Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

    버전 3.9에 추가.

    버전 3.11에서 변경: This macro is now used on Windows to locate the standard library extension modules, typically under `DLLs`. However, for compatibility, note that this value is ignored for any non-standard layouts, including in-tree builds and virtual environments.

  wchar_t *pythonpath_env

    Module search paths (`sys.path`) as a string separated by `DELIM` (`os.pathsep`).

    Set by the `PYTHONPATH` environment variable.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

  PyWideStringList module_search_paths
  int module_search_paths_set

    Module search paths: `sys.path`.

    If `module_search_paths_set` is equal to `0`, `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` will replace `module_search_paths` and sets `module_search_paths_set` to `1`.

    Default: empty list (`module_search_paths`) and `0` (`module_search_paths_set`).

    Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

  int optimization_level

    컴파일 최적화 수준:

    - `0`: Peephole optimizer, set `__debug__` to `True`.

    - `1`: Level 0, remove assertions, set `__debug__` to `False`.

    - `2`: Level 1, strip docstrings.

    Incremented by the `-O` command line option. Set to the `PYTHONOPTIMIZE` environment variable value.

    Default: `0`.

  PyWideStringList orig_argv

    The list of the original command line arguments passed to the Python executable: `sys.orig_argv`.

    If `orig_argv` list is empty and `argv` is not a list only containing an empty string, `PyConfig_Read()` copies `argv` into `orig_argv` before modifying `argv` (if `parse_argv` is non-zero).

    See also the `argv` member and the `Py_GetArgcArgv()` function.

    Default: empty list.

    버전 3.10에 추가.

  int parse_argv

    Parse command line arguments?

    If equals to `1`, parse `argv` the same way the regular Python parses command line arguments, and strip Python arguments from `argv`.

    The `PyConfig_Read()` function only parses `PyConfig.argv` arguments once: `PyConfig.parse_argv` is set to `2` after arguments are parsed. Since Python arguments are strippped from `PyConfig.argv`, parsing arguments twice would parse the application options as Python options.

    Default: `1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

    버전 3.10에서 변경: The `PyConfig.argv` arguments are now only parsed if `PyConfig.parse_argv` equals to `1`.

  int parser_debug

    Parser debug mode. If greater than `0`, turn on parser debugging output (for expert only, depending on compilation options).

    Incremented by the `-d` command line option. Set to the `PYTHONDEBUG` environment variable value.

    Default: `0`.

  int pathconfig_warnings

    If non-zero, calculation of path configuration is allowed to log warnings into `stderr`. If equals to `0`, suppress these warnings.

    Default: `1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

    버전 3.11에서 변경: Now also applies on Windows.

  wchar_t *prefix

    The site-specific directory prefix where the platform independent Python files are installed: `sys.prefix`.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration output.

  wchar_t *program_name

    Program name used to initialize `executable` and in early error messages during Python initialization.

    - If `Py_SetProgramName()` has been called, use its argument.

    - On macOS, use `PYTHONEXECUTABLE` environment variable if set.

    - If the `WITH_NEXT_FRAMEWORK` macro is defined, use `__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` environment variable if set.

    - Use `argv[0]` of `argv` if available and non-empty.

    - Otherwise, use `L"python"` on Windows, or `L"python3"` on other platforms.

    Default: `NULL`.

    Part of the Python Path Configuration input.

  wchar_t *pycache_prefix

    Directory where cached `.pyc` files are written: `sys.pycache_prefix`.

    Set by the `-X pycache_prefix=PATH` command line option and the `PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX` environment variable.

    `NULL`이면, `sys.pycache_prefix`는 `None`으로 설정됩니다.

    Default: `NULL`.

  int quiet

    Quiet mode. If greater than `0`, don’t display the copyright and version at Python startup in interactive mode.

    Incremented by the `-q` command line option.

    Default: `0`.

  wchar_t *run_command

    Value of the `-c` command line option.

    Used by `Py_RunMain()`.

    Default: `NULL`.

  wchar_t *run_filename

    Filename passed on the command line: trailing command line argument without `-c` or `-m`. It is used by the `Py_RunMain()` function.

    For example, it is set to `script.py` by the `python3 script.py arg` command line.

    See also the `PyConfig.skip_source_first_line` option.

    Default: `NULL`.

  wchar_t *run_module

    Value of the `-m` command line option.

    Used by `Py_RunMain()`.

    Default: `NULL`.

  int show_ref_count

    Show total reference count at exit?

    Set to `1` by `-X showrefcount` command line option.

    Need a debug build of Python (the `Py_REF_DEBUG` macro must be defined).

    Default: `0`.

  int site_import

    시작할 때 `site` 모듈을 임포트 합니까?

    If equal to zero, disable the import of the module site and the site-dependent manipulations of `sys.path` that it entails.

    Also disable these manipulations if the `site` module is explicitly imported later (call `site.main()` if you want them to be triggered).

    Set to `0` by the `-S` command line option.

    `sys.flags.no_site` is set to the inverted value of `site_import`.

    Default: `1`.

  int skip_source_first_line

    If non-zero, skip the first line of the `PyConfig.run_filename` source.

    It allows the usage of non-Unix forms of `#!cmd`. This is intended for a DOS specific hack only.

    Set to `1` by the `-x` command line option.

    Default: `0`.

  wchar_t *stdio_encoding
  wchar_t *stdio_errors

    Encoding and encoding errors of `sys.stdin`, `sys.stdout` and `sys.stderr` (but `sys.stderr` always uses `"backslashreplace"` error handler).

    If `Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding()` has been called, use its error and errors arguments if they are not `NULL`.

    Use the `PYTHONIOENCODING` environment variable if it is non-empty.

    Default encoding:

    - `"UTF-8"` if `PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` is non-zero.

    - Otherwise, use the locale encoding.

    Default error handler:

    - On Windows: use `"surrogateescape"`.

    - `"surrogateescape"` if `PyPreConfig.utf8_mode` is non-zero, or if the LC_CTYPE locale is “C” or “POSIX”.

    - `"strict"` otherwise.

  int tracemalloc

    Enable tracemalloc?

    0이 아니면, 시작 시 `tracemalloc.start()`를 호출합니다.

    Set by `-X tracemalloc=N` command line option and by the `PYTHONTRACEMALLOC` environment variable.

    Default: `-1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

  int use_environment

    Use environment variables?

    If equals to zero, ignore the environment variables.

    Set to `0` by the `-E` environment variable.

    Default: `1` in Python config and `0` in isolated config.

  int user_site_directory

    If non-zero, add the user site directory to `sys.path`.

    Set to `0` by the `-s` and `-I` command line options.

    Set to `0` by the `PYTHONNOUSERSITE` environment variable.

    Default: `1` in Python mode, `0` in isolated mode.

  int verbose

    Verbose mode. If greater than `0`, print a message each time a module is imported, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded.

    If greater or equal to `2`, print a message for each file that is checked for when searching for a module. Also provides information on module cleanup at exit.

    Incremented by the `-v` command line option.

    Set to the `PYTHONVERBOSE` environment variable value.

    Default: `0`.

  PyWideStringList warnoptions

    Options of the `warnings` module to build warnings filters, lowest to highest priority: `sys.warnoptions`.

    `warnings` 모듈은 `sys.warnoptions`를 역순으로 추가합니다: 마지막 `PyConfig.warnoptions` 항목은 가장 먼저 검사되는 `warnings.filters`의 첫 번째 항목이 됩니다 (가장 높은 우선순위).

    The `-W` command line options adds its value to `warnoptions`, it can be used multiple times.

    The `PYTHONWARNINGS` environment variable can also be used to add warning options. Multiple options can be specified, separated by commas (`,`).

    Default: empty list.

  int write_bytecode

    If equal to `0`, Python won’t try to write `.pyc` files on the import of source modules.

    Set to `0` by the `-B` command line option and the `PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE` environment variable.

    `sys.dont_write_bytecode`는 `write_bytecode`의 반전된 값으로 초기화됩니다.

    Default: `1`.

  PyWideStringList xoptions

    Values of the `-X` command line options: `sys._xoptions`.

    Default: empty list.

If `parse_argv` is non-zero, `argv` arguments are parsed the same way the regular Python parses command line arguments, and Python arguments are stripped from `argv`.

The `xoptions` options are parsed to set other options: see the `-X` command line option.

버전 3.9에서 변경: `show_alloc_count` 필드가 제거되었습니다.

## PyConfig를 사용한 초기화

Function to initialize Python:

PyStatus Py_InitializeFromConfig(const PyConfig *config)

  Initialize Python from config configuration.

호출자는 `PyStatus_Exception()`과 `Py_ExitStatusException()` 을 사용하여 예외(에러나 종료)를 처리해야 합니다.

If `PyImport_FrozenModules()`, `PyImport_AppendInittab()` or `PyImport_ExtendInittab()` are used, they must be set or called after Python preinitialization and before the Python initialization. If Python is initialized multiple times, `PyImport_AppendInittab()` or `PyImport_ExtendInittab()` must be called before each Python initialization.

The current configuration (`PyConfig` type) is stored in `PyInterpreterState.config`.

프로그램 이름을 설정하는 예:

    void init_python(void)
    {
        PyStatus status;

        PyConfig config;
        PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);

        /* Set the program name. Implicitly preinitialize Python. */
        status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.program_name,
                                    L"/path/to/my_program");
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto exception;
        }

        status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto exception;
        }
        PyConfig_Clear(&config);
        return;

    exception:
        PyConfig_Clear(&config);
        Py_ExitStatusException(status);
    }

More complete example modifying the default configuration, read the configuration, and then override some parameters. Note that since 3.11, many parameters are not calculated until initialization, and so values cannot be read from the configuration structure. Any values set before initialize is called will be left unchanged by initialization:

    PyStatus init_python(const char *program_name)
    {
        PyStatus status;

        PyConfig config;
        PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);

        /* Set the program name before reading the configuration
           (decode byte string from the locale encoding).

           Implicitly preinitialize Python. */
        status = PyConfig_SetBytesString(&config, &config.program_name,
                                         program_name);
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto done;
        }

        /* Read all configuration at once */
        status = PyConfig_Read(&config);
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto done;
        }

        /* Specify sys.path explicitly */
        /* If you want to modify the default set of paths, finish
           initialization first and then use PySys_GetObject("path") */
        config.module_search_paths_set = 1;
        status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,
                                         L"/path/to/stdlib");
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto done;
        }
        status = PyWideStringList_Append(&config.module_search_paths,
                                         L"/path/to/more/modules");
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto done;
        }

        /* Override executable computed by PyConfig_Read() */
        status = PyConfig_SetString(&config, &config.executable,
                                    L"/path/to/my_executable");
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            goto done;
        }

        status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);

    done:
        PyConfig_Clear(&config);
        return status;
    }

## 격리된 구성

`PyPreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig()`와 `PyConfig_InitIsolatedConfig()` 함수는 시스템에서 파이썬을 격리하는 구성을 만듭니다. 예를 들어, 파이썬을 응용 프로그램에 내장하기 위해.

This configuration ignores global configuration variables, environment variables, command line arguments (`PyConfig.argv` is not parsed) and user site directory. The C standard streams (ex: `stdout`) and the LC_CTYPE locale are left unchanged. Signal handlers are not installed.

Configuration files are still used with this configuration to determine paths that are unspecified. Ensure `PyConfig.home` is specified to avoid computing the default path configuration.

## 파이썬 구성

`PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig()`와 `PyConfig_InitPythonConfig()` 함수는 일반 파이썬처럼 동작하는 사용자 정의된 파이썬을 빌드하기 위한 구성을 만듭니다.

환경 변수와 명령 줄 인자는 파이썬을 구성하는 데 사용되는 반면, 전역 구성 변수는 무시됩니다.

This function enables C locale coercion (PEP 538) and Python UTF-8 Mode (PEP 540) depending on the LC_CTYPE locale, `PYTHONUTF8` and `PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE` environment variables.

## Python Path Configuration

`PyConfig`에는 경로 구성을 위한 여러 필드가 포함되어 있습니다:

- 경로 구성 입력:

  - `PyConfig.home`

  - `PyConfig.platlibdir`

  - `PyConfig.pathconfig_warnings`

  - `PyConfig.program_name`

  - `PyConfig.pythonpath_env`

  - 현재 작업 디렉터리: 절대 경로를 얻기 위해

  - (`PyConfig.program_name`에서) 프로그램 전체 경로를 얻기 위한 `PATH` 환경 변수

  - `__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` 환경 변수

  - (윈도우 전용) HKEY_CURRENT_USER와 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE의 “SoftwarePythonPythonCoreX.YPythonPath” 아래에 있는 레지스트리의 응용 프로그램 경로 (여기서 X.Y는 파이썬 버전입니다).

- 경로 구성 출력 필드:

  - `PyConfig.base_exec_prefix`

  - `PyConfig.base_executable`

  - `PyConfig.base_prefix`

  - `PyConfig.exec_prefix`

  - `PyConfig.executable`

  - `PyConfig.module_search_paths_set`, `PyConfig.module_search_paths`

  - `PyConfig.prefix`

If at least one “output field” is not set, Python calculates the path configuration to fill unset fields. If `module_search_paths_set` is equal to `0`, `module_search_paths` is overridden and `module_search_paths_set` is set to `1`.

It is possible to completely ignore the function calculating the default path configuration by setting explicitly all path configuration output fields listed above. A string is considered as set even if it is non-empty. `module_search_paths` is considered as set if `module_search_paths_set` is set to `1`. In this case, `module_search_paths` will be used without modification.

Set `pathconfig_warnings` to `0` to suppress warnings when calculating the path configuration (Unix only, Windows does not log any warning).

`base_prefix`나 `base_exec_prefix` 필드가 설정되지 않으면, 각각 `prefix`와 `exec_prefix`의 값을 상속합니다.

`Py_RunMain()`과 `Py_Main()`은 `sys.path`를 수정합니다:

- `run_filename`이 설정되고 `__main__.py` 스크립트를 포함하는 디렉터리이면, `run_filename`을 `sys.path` 앞에 추가합니다.

- `isolated`가 0이면:

  - `run_module`이 설정되면, 현재 디렉터리를 `sys.path` 앞에 추가합니다. 현재 디렉터리를 읽을 수 없으면 아무것도 하지 않습니다.

  - `run_filename`이 설정되면, 파일명의 디렉터리를 `sys.path` 앞에 추가합니다.

  - 그렇지 않으면, 빈 문자열을 `sys.path` 앞에 추가합니다.

`site_import`가 0이 아니면, `site` 모듈이 `sys.path`를 수정할 수 있습니다. `user_site_directory`가 0이 아니고 사용자의 site-package 디렉터리가 존재하면, `site` 모듈은 사용자의 site-package 디렉터리를 `sys.path`에 추가합니다.

다음과 같은 구성 파일이 경로 구성에 사용됩니다:

- `pyvenv.cfg`

- `._pth` file (ex: `python._pth`)

- `pybuilddir.txt` (유닉스 전용)

If a `._pth` file is present:

- Set `isolated` to `1`.

- Set `use_environment` to `0`.

- Set `site_import` to `0`.

- Set `safe_path` to `1`.

The `__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__` environment variable is used to set `PyConfig.base_executable`

## Py_RunMain()

int Py_RunMain(void)

  Execute the command (`PyConfig.run_command`), the script (`PyConfig.run_filename`) or the module (`PyConfig.run_module`) specified on the command line or in the configuration.

  By default and when if `-i` option is used, run the REPL.

  Finally, finalizes Python and returns an exit status that can be passed to the `exit()` function.

See Python Configuration for an example of customized Python always running in isolated mode using `Py_RunMain()`.

## Py_GetArgcArgv()

void Py_GetArgcArgv(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv)

  파이썬이 수정하기 전의, 원래 명령 줄 인자를 가져옵니다.

  See also `PyConfig.orig_argv` member.

## 다단계 초기화 비공개 잠정적 API

This section is a private provisional API introducing multi-phase initialization, the core feature of PEP 432:

- “핵심(Core)” 초기화 단계, “최소한의 파이썬”:

  - 내장형;

  - 내장 예외;

  - 내장과 프로즌 모듈(frozen modules);

  - `sys` 모듈은 부분적으로만 초기화됩니다 (예를 들어: `sys.path`는 아직 존재하지 않습니다).

- “주(Main)” 초기화 단계, 파이썬이 완전히 초기화됩니다:

  - `importlib`를 설치하고 구성합니다;

  - 경로 구성을 적용합니다;

  - 시그널 처리기를 설치합니다;

  - `sys` 모듈 초기화를 완료합니다 (예를 들어: `sys.stdout`과 `sys.path`를 만듭니다);

  - `faulthandler`와 `tracemalloc`과 같은 선택적 기능을 활성화합니다;

  - `site` 모듈을 임포트 합니다;

  - 등등

비공개 잠정적 API:

- `PyConfig._init_main`: if set to `0`, `Py_InitializeFromConfig()` stops at the “Core” initialization phase.

- `PyConfig._isolated_interpreter`: if non-zero, disallow threads, subprocesses and fork.

PyStatus _Py_InitializeMain(void)

  “주” 초기화 단계로 이동하여, 파이썬 초기화를 완료합니다.

“핵심” 단계에서는 아무런 모듈도 임포트 하지 않고 `importlib` 모듈이 구성되지 않습니다: 경로 구성은 “주” 단계에서만 적용됩니다. 경로 구성을 재정의하거나 조정하기 위해 파이썬에서 파이썬을 사용자 정의할 수 있으며, 사용자 정의 `sys.meta_path` 임포터(importer)나 임포트 훅 등을 설치할 수 있습니다.

It may become possible to calculatin the Path Configuration in Python, after the Core phase and before the Main phase, which is one of the PEP 432 motivation.

“핵심” 단계가 제대로 정의되지 않았습니다: 이 단계에서 무엇을 사용할 수 있고, 무엇이 그렇지 않아야 하는지는 아직 지정되지 않았습니다. API는 비공개이자 잠정적인 것으로 표시됩니다: 적절한 공개 API가 설계될 때까지 언제든지 API를 수정하거나 제거할 수 있습니다.

“핵심”과 “주” 초기화 단계 사이에서 파이썬 코드를 실행하는 예제:

    void init_python(void)
    {
        PyStatus status;

        PyConfig config;
        PyConfig_InitPythonConfig(&config);
        config._init_main = 0;

        /* ... customize 'config' configuration ... */

        status = Py_InitializeFromConfig(&config);
        PyConfig_Clear(&config);
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            Py_ExitStatusException(status);
        }

        /* Use sys.stderr because sys.stdout is only created
           by _Py_InitializeMain() */
        int res = PyRun_SimpleString(
            "import sys; "
            "print('Run Python code before _Py_InitializeMain', "
                   "file=sys.stderr)");
        if (res < 0) {
            exit(1);
        }

        /* ... put more configuration code here ... */

        status = _Py_InitializeMain();
        if (PyStatus_Exception(status)) {
            Py_ExitStatusException(status);
        }
    }