"array" --- Efficient arrays of numeric values
**********************************************

======================================================================

This module defines an object type which can compactly represent an
array of basic values: characters, integers, floating-point numbers.
Arrays are mutable *sequence* types and behave very much like lists,
except that the type of objects stored in them is constrained.  The
type is specified at object creation time by using a *type code*,
which is a single character.  The following type codes are defined:

+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| kod typu    | typ języka C         | typ Pythona         | minimalny rozmiar w     | notatki |
|             |                      |                     | bajtach                 |         |
|=============|======================|=====================|=========================|=========|
| "'b'"       | typ znakowy z bitem  | int                 | 1                       |         |
|             | znaku                |                     |                         |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'B'"       | nieoznaczony typ     | int                 | 1                       |         |
|             | znakowy              |                     |                         |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'u'"       | wchar_t              | znak Unicode        | 2                       | (1)     |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'w'"       | Py_UCS4              | znak Unicode        | 4                       | (2)     |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'h'"       | oznaczony typ krótki | int                 | 2                       |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'H'"       | nieoznaczony typ     | int                 | 2                       |         |
|             | krótki               |                     |                         |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'i'"       | oznaczony typ int    | int                 | 2                       |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'I'"       | nieoznaczony typ int | int                 | 2                       |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'I'"       | oznaczony typ długi  | int                 | 4                       |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'L'"       | nieoznaczony typ     | int                 | 4                       |         |
|             | długi                |                     |                         |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'q'"       | signed long long     | int                 | 8                       |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'Q'"       | unsigned long long   | int                 | 8                       |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'f'"       | float                | float               | 4                       |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+
| "'d'"       | typ (double)         | float               | 8                       |         |
|             | zmiennoprzecinkowy   |                     |                         |         |
|             | podwójnej precyzji   |                     |                         |         |
+-------------+----------------------+---------------------+-------------------------+---------+

Uwagi:

1. It can be 16 bits or 32 bits depending on the platform.

   Zmienione w wersji 3.9: "array('u')" now uses "wchar_t" as C type
   instead of deprecated "Py_UNICODE". This change doesn't affect its
   behavior because "Py_UNICODE" is alias of "wchar_t" since Python
   3.3.

   Zdezaprobowane w wersji 3.3, zostanie usunięte w wersji 3.16:
   Please migrate to "'w'" typecode.

2.  Dodane w wersji 3.13.

Zobacz także:

  The ctypes and struct modules, as well as third-party modules like
  numpy, use similar -- but slightly different -- type codes.

The actual representation of values is determined by the machine
architecture (strictly speaking, by the C implementation).  The actual
size can be accessed through the "array.itemsize" attribute.

The module defines the following item:

array.typecodes

   Ciąg ze wszystkimi dostępnymi kodami typów.

Moduł definiuje następujący typ:

class array.array(typecode[, initializer])

   A new array whose items are restricted by *typecode*, and
   initialized from the optional *initializer* value, which must be a
   "bytes" or "bytearray" object, a Unicode string, or iterable over
   elements of the appropriate type.

   If given a "bytes" or "bytearray" object, the initializer is passed
   to the new array's "frombytes()" method; if given a Unicode string,
   the initializer is passed to the "fromunicode()" method; otherwise,
   the initializer's iterator is passed to the "extend()" method to
   add initial items to the array.

   Array objects support the ordinary mutable *sequence* operations of
   indexing, slicing, concatenation, and multiplication.  When using
   slice assignment, the assigned value must be an array object with
   the same type code; in all other cases, "TypeError" is raised.
   Array objects also implement the buffer interface, and may be used
   wherever *bytes-like objects* are supported.

   Arrays are generic over the type of their contents.

   Raises an auditing event "array.__new__" with arguments "typecode",
   "initializer".

   typecode

      Znak kodujący typ używany do tworzenia tabeli.

   itemsize

      długość w bajtach (kęsach) jednego elementu tabeli w wewnętrznym
      przedstawieniu.

   append(value, /)

      Append a new item with the specified value to the end of the
      array.

   buffer_info()

      Return a tuple "(address, length)" giving the current memory
      address and the length in elements of the buffer used to hold
      array's contents.  The size of the memory buffer in bytes can be
      computed as "array.buffer_info()[1] * array.itemsize".  This is
      occasionally useful when working with low-level (and inherently
      unsafe) I/O interfaces that require memory addresses, such as
      certain "ioctl()" operations.  The returned numbers are valid as
      long as the array exists and no length-changing operations are
      applied to it.

      Informacja:

        Gdy używa się tablic z kodu napisanego w języku C lub C++
        (jedyna droga aby efektywnie skorzystać z tej informacji), to
        jest to bardziej sensowne aby użyć sprzęgu przestrzeni wymiany
        który jest wspierany przez przedmioty tablicowe. Ten sposób
        postępowania jest utrzymywany dla wstecznej zgodności i
        powinien być pomijany w nowym kodzie. Sprzęg przestrzeni
        wymiany jest opisany w Buffer Protocol.

   byteswap()

      Zmienia kolejność bajtów wszystkich elementów tablicy. Wspierane
      tylko dla wartości których rozmiar to 1, 2, 4, lub 8 bajtów; dla
      innych typów wartości zgłaszany jest wyjątek "RuntimeError".
      Jest to użyteczne gdy wczytuje się dane z pliku zapisanego na
      maszynie o odmiennym porządku bajtów.

   count(value, /)

      Return the number of occurrences of *value* in the array.

   extend(iterable, /)

      Przyklej elementy z przedmiotu *iterowalnego* na koniec tablicy.
      Jeśli *iterowalny* jest kolejną tablicą, musi mieć *dokładnie*
      ten sam typ kodu; Jeśli nie, wyjątek "TypeError" będzie
      zgłoszony. Jeśli *iterowalny* nie jest tablicą, musi być
      iterowalny i jego elementy muszą być właściwego typu aby mogły
      być doklejone do tablicy.

   frombytes(buffer, /)

      Appends items from the *bytes-like object*, interpreting its
      content as an array of machine values (as if it had been read
      from a file using the "fromfile()" method).

       Dodane w wersji 3.2: "fromstring()" is renamed to "frombytes()"
      for clarity.

   fromfile(f, n, /)

      Read *n* items (as machine values) from the *file object* *f*
      and append them to the end of the array.  If less than *n* items
      are available, "EOFError" is raised, but the items that were
      available are still inserted into the array.

   fromlist(list, /)

      Doklej elementy z listy. To jest równoważne z "for x in list:
      a.append(x)" z wyjątkiem tego, że jeśli wystąpi błąd typu,
      tablica pozostanie niezmieniona.

   fromunicode(ustr, /)

      Extends this array with data from the given Unicode string. The
      array must have type code "'u'" or "'w'"; otherwise a
      "ValueError" is raised. Use
      "array.frombytes(unicodestring.encode(enc))" to append Unicode
      data to an array of some other type.

   index(value[, start[, stop]])

      Return the smallest *i* such that *i* is the index of the first
      occurrence of *value* in the array.  The optional arguments
      *start* and *stop* can be specified to search for *value* within
      a subsection of the array.  Raise "ValueError" if *value* is not
      found.

      Zmienione w wersji 3.10: Added optional *start* and *stop*
      parameters.

   insert(index, value, /)

      Insert a new item *value* in the array before position *index*.
      Negative values are treated as being relative to the end of the
      array.

   pop(index=-1, /)

      Usuwa element o indeksie *i* z tablicy i zwraca go. Opcjonalny
      parametr domyślnie jest "-1", tak aby domyślnie ostatni element
      był usuwany i zwracany.

   remove(value, /)

      Remove the first occurrence of *value* from the array.

   clear()

      Remove all elements from the array.

       Dodane w wersji 3.13.

   reverse()

      Odwróć kolejność elementów w tabeli.

   tobytes()

      Convert the array to an array of machine values and return the
      bytes representation (the same sequence of bytes that would be
      written to a file by the "tofile()" method.)

       Dodane w wersji 3.2: "tostring()" is renamed to "tobytes()" for
      clarity.

   tofile(f, /)

      Write all items (as machine values) to the *file object* *f*.

   tolist()

      Zamień tabelę na zwykłą listę o tych samych elementach.

   tounicode()

      Convert the array to a Unicode string.  The array must have a
      type "'u'" or "'w'"; otherwise a "ValueError" is raised. Use
      "array.tobytes().decode(enc)" to obtain a Unicode string from an
      array of some other type.

The string representation of array objects has the form
"array(typecode, initializer)". The *initializer* is omitted if the
array is empty, otherwise it is a Unicode string if the *typecode* is
"'u'" or "'w'", otherwise it is a list of numbers. The string
representation is guaranteed to be able to be converted back to an
array with the same type and value using "eval()", so long as the
"array" class has been imported using "from array import array".
Variables "inf" and "nan" must also be defined if it contains
corresponding floating-point values. Examples:

   array('l')
   array('w', 'hello \u2641')
   array('l', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
   array('d', [1.0, 2.0, 3.14, -inf, nan])

Zobacz także:

  Module "struct"
     Pakowanie i odpakowanie jednorodnych danych binarnych.

  NumPy
     The NumPy package defines another array type.
