# `zipimport` — Import modules from Zip archives

Source code: Lib/zipimport.py

This module adds the ability to import Python modules (`*.py`, `*.pyc`) and packages from ZIP-format archives. It is usually not needed to use the `zipimport` module explicitly; it is automatically used by the built-in `import` mechanism for `sys.path` items that are paths to ZIP archives.

Typically, `sys.path` is a list of directory names as strings. This module also allows an item of `sys.path` to be a string naming a ZIP file archive. The ZIP archive can contain a subdirectory structure to support package imports, and a path within the archive can be specified to only import from a subdirectory. For example, the path `example.zip/lib/` would only import from the `lib/` subdirectory within the archive.

Any files may be present in the ZIP archive, but importers are only invoked for `.py` and `.pyc` files. ZIP import of dynamic modules (`.pyd`, `.so`) is disallowed. Note that if an archive only contains `.py` files, Python will not attempt to modify the archive by adding the corresponding `.pyc` file, meaning that if a ZIP archive doesn’t contain `.pyc` files, importing may be rather slow.

Alterado na versão 3.8: Previously, ZIP archives with an archive comment were not supported.

Ver também

PKZIP Application Note

  Documentação do formato de arquivo ZIP feita por Phil Katz, criador do formato e dos algoritmos usados.

PEP 273 - Import Modules from Zip Archives

  Written by James C. Ahlstrom, who also provided an implementation. Python 2.3 follows the specification in PEP 273, but uses an implementation written by Just van Rossum that uses the import hooks described in PEP 302.

`importlib` - The implementation of the import machinery

  Package providing the relevant protocols for all importers to implement.

This module defines an exception:

exception zipimport.ZipImportError

  Exception raised by zipimporter objects. It’s a subclass of `ImportError`, so it can be caught as `ImportError`, too.

## zipimporter Objects

`zipimporter` is the class for importing ZIP files.

class zipimport.zipimporter(archivepath)

  Create a new zipimporter instance. archivepath must be a path to a ZIP file, or to a specific path within a ZIP file. For example, an archivepath of `foo/bar.zip/lib` will look for modules in the `lib` directory inside the ZIP file `foo/bar.zip` (provided that it exists).

  `ZipImportError` is raised if archivepath doesn’t point to a valid ZIP archive.

  Alterado na versão 3.12: Methods `find_loader()` and `find_module()`, deprecated in 3.10 are now removed. Use `find_spec()` instead.

  create_module(spec)

    Implementation of `importlib.abc.Loader.create_module()` that returns `None` to explicitly request the default semantics.

    Adicionado na versão 3.10.

  exec_module(module)

    Implementation of `importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module()`.

    Adicionado na versão 3.10.

  find_spec(fullname, target=None)

    An implementation of `importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec()`.

    Adicionado na versão 3.10.

  get_code(fullname)

    Return the code object for the specified module. Raise `ZipImportError` if the module couldn’t be imported.

  get_data(pathname)

    Return the data associated with pathname. Raise `OSError` if the file wasn’t found.

    Alterado na versão 3.3: `IOError` costumava ser levantado, agora ele é um codinome para `OSError`.

  get_filename(fullname)

    Return the value `__file__` would be set to if the specified module was imported. Raise `ZipImportError` if the module couldn’t be imported.

    Adicionado na versão 3.1.

  get_source(fullname)

    Return the source code for the specified module. Raise `ZipImportError` if the module couldn’t be found, return `None` if the archive does contain the module, but has no source for it.

  is_package(fullname)

    Devolve `True` se o módulo especificado por fullname é um pacote. Levanta `ZipImportError` se o módulo não pode ser localizado.

  load_module(fullname)

    Load the module specified by fullname. fullname must be the fully qualified (dotted) module name. Returns the imported module on success, raises `ZipImportError` on failure.

    Descontinuado desde a versão 3.10: Use `exec_module()`.

  invalidate_caches()

    Clear out the internal cache of information about files found within the ZIP archive.

    Adicionado na versão 3.10.

  archive

    The file name of the importer’s associated ZIP file, without a possible subpath.

  prefix

    The subpath within the ZIP file where modules are searched. This is the empty string for zipimporter objects which point to the root of the ZIP file.

  The `archive` and `prefix` attributes, when combined with a slash, equal the original archivepath argument given to the `zipimporter` constructor.

## Exemplos

Here is an example that imports a module from a ZIP archive - note that the `zipimport` module is not explicitly used.

    $ unzip -l example.zip
    Archive:  example.zip
      Length     Date   Time    Name
     --------    ----   ----    ----
         8467  11-26-02 22:30   jwzthreading.py
     --------                   -------
         8467                   1 file
    $ ./python
    Python 2.3 (#1, Aug 1 2003, 19:54:32)
    >>> import sys
    >>> sys.path.insert(0, 'example.zip')  # Add .zip file to front of path
    >>> import jwzthreading
    >>> jwzthreading.__file__
    'example.zip/jwzthreading.py'